GSW: 1976 MEETING MINUTES

Geological Society of Washington

January 14, 1976

The 1005th meeting of the Society was called to order by Dallas L. Peck, President, at 8:07 p.m. in the John Wesley Powel1 Auditorium.

The minutes of the 83rd Annual Meeting were read by Penelope M. Hanshaw and approved. Two new members, Janet Hoffman and Susan Russell were elected and introduced. A Proposal for car pooling to the meeting was announced and Karen Gray, Secretary in the office of Geochemistry and Geophysics, U.S.G.S. was appointed the clearing house for information on arrangements.

There were no informal communications.

Robert Luce preceded his paper on King Solomon's Mine revisited, with a short Wednesday night bible study which was followed by a description of the ancient gold diggings and the geology related to them. Questions by George Helz, Dallas Peck, Erv. Brown and Frank Jacobin. In the middle of this paper the President was called out on urgent business concerning a broken beer tap.

Grant Gross, The geochemistry of urban wastes, gave us a summary of all the dirt on the New York metropolitan area and where it goes. Gross’ paper covered the disposition of refuse in landfills around Manhattan and Long Island as well as the filling of parts of the continental shelf off New Jersey. Question by Greg Sohn.

Nick Van Driel in his paper on Geological mapping, computers, and the environment in Montgomery County, Maryland covered the newer aspects of computer data presentation in production of geological mapsAs with any mention of computers to geologists, this paper generated plenty of comment from George Sellers, Don Nichols, Penny Lorfer, David Doan, Ed. French, Don Appleman and Thor Banard.

Belatedly the following visitors and guests were announced: Jim Hayes, by Frank Jacobin, Tom Casadevall of Penn State, John Lawton, and Frank Stead of Denver.

The president announced at the end of the meeting that the beer tap was broken which forced a retreat back to the bottle.

Meeting adjourned at 9:30 p.m.

Attendance 156.

Beer money=$55.07

[signed William E. Davies, Meeting Secretary]

Geological Society of Washington

January 28, 1976

At 8:08 PM the 1,006th. meeting was called to order in the John Wesley Powell auditorium.

3 visitors were introduced: Maquenenit Takarequet by Fred Wilson, Jan Kutina by Chuck Withington, and Bruce Delde by Dave Wones.

The secretary referred to the minutes as secretary's notes giving rise to a motion of censure from Tom Dutro for such progressive audacity.

The Wednesday night Bible session inaugurated the program with a tidbit of information in the form of an informal communication by Greg Sohn taken from an encyclopaedic article. Sohn's conclusions were that Solomon's grasp on life was 200 years longer than that cited in a paper presented recently at the GSW.

"Father" Francis Flanagan suggested future bible readings should be concluded with an "Amen".

The first paper by Blair F. Jones, Hans Eugster and Shirley L. Rettig concerned the Hydrochemistry of the Lake Magadi Basin, Kenya . The lake is an area of highly alkaline waters in the African rift system underlain by several successive brine horizons. Peck, Sato, Brett, Towe, and Luce discussed the paper.

Grant Heiken, in his paper on Active volcanoes from earth orbit, displayed beautiful Skylab photos used to interpret volcanic activity and fallout from eruptions. This was discussed by Sato, Peck, Toulmin, Williams, and Luce.

John E. Kilkenny's paper on Geothermal exploration in the western United States was an interesting insight into drilling for energy sources utilizing earth heat in California. The talk was accompanied by numerous slides of geyser phenomena and power plants. Discussion was by King-Hubbert, Sato, Sebastan, Schultz, and Robertson,

The meeting adjourned at 10:17 PM.

Beer money $52.15

Attendance: 122.

William E. Davies

Meeting Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

February 11, 1976

The meeting was convened at 8:05 p.m.

21 new members were introduced to the Society: W. Timothy Hushen, Leonard E. Johnson, Richard J. Williams, David L. Williams, John Sinton, Peter Jezek, Tim O’Hearn, Bruce Hayward, John Filson, M. Margaritz, Keith Westhusing, Keith Howard, Gerald K. Van Kooten, John Hower, Malcolm A. Furbush, Charles C. Smith, Carleton B. Moore, Robert J. Shedlock, Donald R. Nichols, Patricia Loferski, Cathy L. Neeley.

Jack Atok, Office of Naval Research and H.Gene Simmons, guests, were presented to the Society.

Norm Hatch reminded the members of the Society of the Northeastern-Southeastern Region, Geological Society of America, meetings in Arlington, Va., March 25-27.

Ralph Miller presented a timely informal communication on the geologic setting of the Guatemala earthquake. Another informal communication covered the Ultrastructure of conodonts. Discussion was by Anita Epstein, Simmers and Repetsky. This communication was by Gordon L. Nord.

Dave Prowell's paper on Evidence for Holocene movement along the Belair fault zone, Georgia was a detailed, well illustrated discussion of faults cutting the coastal plain. As a result of this paper faults have been redefined as straight lines intersecting two hospitals. Discussion was by Simmons, Brett, Jacobin, Helz, Robertson and Beck.

H. Gene Simmon's paper on Microcracks in rocks was a report on the differentiation of natural vs. man-made fractures in rocks using evidence from electron microscope studies. Discussion was by French, Helz, Peck, Brett, Roedder, Robertson and Simkin.

The last paper on the Biogrochemistry of the stable hydrogen isotopes was by T. C. Hoering with discussions by Helz, Reinhardt and Patterson.

The meeting adjourned at 10:04 p.m. Attendance - 92. Beer money - $

[unsigned]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

February 26, 1976

Minutes of 1008th meeting of Geological Society of Washington, John Wesley Powell Auditorium, Wednesday, February 26th.

President Peck called the meeting to order at 8:03 p.m. Robin Brett read the minutes in the absence of the secretary. The following visitors were announced and welcomed: John Hollaway, Arizona State University, Manda Carr Margrets(?), Cal. Tech., Pete Hall, Escuela Polytecnica, Quito, Ecuador, John Sanders, Barnard College

Someone else whose name the unskilled acting secretary lost in the flurry of trying to write the other names down.

Doug Rumble, as Chairman of the Public Service Committee, made an announcement about science fairs in the area.

Pete Hall, Escuela Polytecnica, Quito, Ecuador gave an informal communication on Ecuadorian volcanism, illustrated by beautiful slides.

Bob Finkelman, U.S.G.S. then gave an informal communication titled "A Nat. Sci. view of minerals", showing excellent scanning electron-microscope photomicrographs of minerals in Chihuahua geodes, and illustrating that paragenesis is more complicated than most of us think, a point driven home later in the evening by Paul Barton.

The first paper by Peter Bell, Geophysical Laboratory was titled "An experimentalists view of the earth's interior through the diamond windowed pressure cell". Bell illustrated that small samples, less than 100 μm in diameter can be raised to pressures in excess of 500 kb and temperatures of up to about 2000°C. Samples can be observed optically, by X-ray diffraction and by Mössbauer and other techniques. Bell pointed out that the technique shows that electrical conductivity of olivines drops by 6 orders of magnitude over a 300 kb range, and that the mantle is therefore only highly conductive at pressures less than 100 kb. Calculations of the thermal regime within the earth may therefore be out by orders of magnitude. Bell also discussed how ferrous iron decomposes to Fe⁰ and Fe³⁺ at very high pressures and the implications on lower mantle chemistry. Questions were asked by Luce, Barton, Brett, Zen, and Robertson.

Bruce Wardlaw, U.S.G.S. then talked on "Permian brachiopods of the northern Great Basin: the Phosphoria revisited". The attendance of some notable old Phosphoria hands was alluded to in a veiled manner by the President. Wardlaw, who showed great humor and humanity for a paleontologist, or anyone else for that matter, discussed the stratigraphy of the Phosporia, based on observation of millions of brachiopods, some with un-American appearance and proclivities. He divided the formation on the basis of cool and warm water fauna. The phosphate was precipitated in cool, Tethyan, non-reef province. He concluded during questions that he does not consider the phosphate precipitating seas a nice place to live. Questions were asked by Stewart, Brett, Sheldon, Chayes, and Yochelson.

The final talk of the evening was given by Paul Barton, Phil Bethke, and Ed Roedder, all of U.S.G.S. The talk on "interpretation of ore fluid chemistry at Creede, Colorado was presented by Barton. Barton discussed chemical constraints that can be placed on the ore fluid from the observed mineralogy - such as pH from the K-spar-sericite reaction, and f_O2 from chlorite-hematite-quartz. He then developed a model for fluid circulation, involving largely fluid of meteoric origin with periodic shots of a more reduced fluid from depth. At least some of the lead is from Precambrian rock at depth. Calculations indicate that it took only about 200 to 200,000 years to deposit the orebody. Questions were asked by McKelvey, Wones, Jones, Zen, and French. President Peck adjourned the meeting at 9.58 p.m.

Attendance: 127 souls

Beer money: $

[signed Robin Brett]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

March 10, 1976

The 1009th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Peck at 8:10 p.m. in the John Wesley Powell Auditorium. Visitors introduced were Dr. Ben Clark of Martin Marietta Aerospace by Pete Toulmin and Jack Salisbury of ERDA by himself. Minutes of the 1008th meeting, written by an amateur secretary (Robin Brett), were read by a rusty secretary (Penny Hanshaw), and were corrected and approved. Doug Rumble needs volunteers to judge county science fairs. An informal communication was presented by B. Mysen of the Geophysical Laboratory.

Sheldon Sommer of the University of Maryland detailed the geologic factors which led to the natural gas explosions in Bowie, Maryland on June 23, 1973. The slab home which was destroyed was at the contact of loose permeable fill and impermeable clayey loam. The clay contained montmorillonite which absorbed the odorant compound in the gas. Heavy rain the day before caused the water table to rise and push the gas up through the clay which removed the odorant. Remedies are not too apparent: more odorant would make the gas too unpleasant, moisturizing the gas would cause freezing problems. Questions by Mr. X, Davis, Roedder, and Brett, and an elegant put-down of Brett by Toulmin who said "How can you trust a guy from a country which uses "pennyweights per square fathom" as a unit?"

Frank Press, MIT, described his computerized use of pattern recognition to determine areas of potential earthquakes in California. For each spot on the map there were 13,000 possible answers and from these the computer found epicenters for 11 of the 13 earthquakes which had occurred since 1925. Areas of danger for the future are the bend in the San Andreas, the Oroville area, extensions of the San Fernando area, the junction of the San Andreas and Calaveras, and the Santa Inez. Press' talk took the prize for questions: Hewitt, Dutro, Sohn (who was recognized by Press as a paleontologist - not even using 1 question) Roedder, E. Zen, Brett, Toulmin, Doell, Appleman, Berry, French, Sommer, Newman, Kinney, Robertson, Johnson, Hemley, Casadeval, Rankin, and last but not least McKelvey.

The following new members were announced: Richard McCammon, George Wetherill, Jeanne Hewitt, David H. Crockett, Thomas Casadeval, Richard Berry, John G. Heacock, Earl Hoover. The meeting was adjourned at 10:00 p.m. Attendance: 103. Income from refreshments: -

Respectfully submitted

Penelope M. Hanshaw

Council Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

March 31, 1976

At 8:04 P.M. on March 31, 1976 the 1010th meeting of the Society was convened. The secretary, after being absent the two previous meetings was late because of the unprecedented traffic jam at the Cosmos Club. Robin Brett stepped in and read the minutes - Thanks.

In an informal communication Doug Rumble acknowledged with a vote of thanks the part played by Pete Toulmin, USGS and Gene Hunt, GWU plus one other in judging recent science fairs.

President Peck announced that there would be no meeting on April 14 and that a field trip examine post-Cretaceous faults and flexures in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, Va. would be led by Wayne Newell and Bob Mixon on Saturday, May 1.

The paper by W. Ian Ridley, Petrologic evaluation of the Brito-Arctic Province brought together plate tectonics and vulcanism in northwest Europe, Iceland and Greenland. Comments on the paper were made by Dallas Peck.

Robert L. Meyer's paper on Fossil "Jaws" let us look the shark in the mouth. The story of evolution of dentition in the shark was a fascinating story to all the geologists and the remark by a commentator that more people die of rattlesnake bites than from sharks was quite self-assuring. To quote Meyer - "never look a gift shark in the mouth." Comments were by Frank Whitmore, Earl Kauffman, Robin Brett and person X.

The last paper was along the same vein as the first in that R. Keith O'Nions’ The early crust of the earth dealt with older rocks and their composition in Greenland, Norway, Minnesota and Rhodesia with ages up to 3,700 million years. Comments were by Robin, Brett and Dallas Peck.

Adjourned at 9:40 p.m.

Attendance 99

William E. Davies

Meeting secretary

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

April 28, 1976

The 1011th meeting of the Society was convened 8 P.M. on Wednesday, April 28, 1976 at the John Wesley Powell Auditorium. Eight new members were announced:

John Salisbury - ERDA - Washington, D. C.

Andrew Grosz - USGS - Reston, Va.

Terri Purdy - GWU and USGS - Reston, Va.

John Philpotts - Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

Anthony S. Finnerty - Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution.

Nicholas T. Arndt - Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution.

Thomas N. Irvine - Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution.

John Ferry - Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution.

Dick Naylor, Northeastern University was introduced by Dave Wones and John Stephenson, New Zealand by Ed. Roedder.

Ellis Yochelson in a very informal approach, stripped off his coat, rolled up his sleeves, and launched full speed into an informal communication on the Significance of late Paleozoic land snails in eastern North America. The power of the birds was invoked to transfer these critters from Europe to North America in the Upper Carboniferous where they somehow ended up in a fossil stump.

Comments by Whitmore and Brett.

Douglas W. Rankin's paper on Opening of the Iapetus Ocean: Appalachian salients and recesses as Precambrian triple junctions tied the prominent bends in the trends of the Appalachians to Precambrian rifts and volcanic activity. Rankin’s grouping of structural trends, especially that of the Blue Green Long axis, added another metaphor to our geologic vocabulary. Following the trends of the axis and modified by the rifts the opening for the Precambrian ocean closely resembled that of later separations in the Triassic to form the Atlantic.

Discussion by French, Dave Stewart and Stephenson.

Gene C. Ulmer took us on a trip to the Bushveld in South Africa with his paper on Merensky Reef Platinum. This ore body, discovered in 1924 and a seam only 18 inches thick supplies 40% of the world's platinum. The Bushveld complex, 200 miles in diameter and 8,000 feet or more thick, is about 2 billion years old, and consists of platiniferous deposits below the Merensky Reef and magnetite deposits above. Ulmer displayed rock samples from the complex but unfortunately had no stock certificates on hand to sell eager, would-be buyers.

Comments by Peck, Zen, Dennis Cox, Brett, Roedder, Wones.

The last paper was by Lawrence A. Hardy on the Origin of Calcium chloride geothermal brines. The brines discussed were in the area of the Salton Sea, and the Red Sea with comparison with those in Iceland. The geothermal brines are related to rift areas and originate from interaction of water and hot bedrock. The brines as such are not evaporites. Comment by French and Peck.

Meeting adjourned at 10:00 P. M.

Attendance - 92

[signed William E. Davies]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

May 12, 1976

The 1012th meeting of the Society was convened at 8 p.m. on Wednesday, May 12, 1976, at the John Wesley Powell Auditorium.

Scott Forbis, Carnegie Institution of Washington was introduced as a visitor.

Keith Howard's paper - Models of caldera structure brought out the similarity of cross section between collapsed caldera profiles and profiles of collapse coal mines with normal and reverse faults forming a significant part of such structures. Sand models also develop similar faults in testing. Discussion by Stokolski, John Hauer, Boyd, and Toulmin.

The x-ray equipment on Apollo 15 & 16 was discussed by Isidore Adler. The paper cited orbital geochemical test made to predict and test the representativeness of samples collected by men on the moon. Basaltic rocks were identified as occurring in basins and feldspathic rocks in highlands. Identity was from Al/Si ratios. Comments by Toulmin and Boyd.

After a 5-minute break, Dick Sheldon launched into an interesting and informative paper on Different perspective on the petroleum resource controversy. Dick's point was that most of the differences in petroleum reserves reflected different rules for evaluating the reserves. By recalculating on the same basis, most reserves figures are compatible. Discussion by Keith Howard, Bob Neuman, Tom Thayer and others.

The meeting adjourned at 10:12 p.m.

Attendance - 90.

[unsigned]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

October 13, 1976

The 1013th meeting of the Society was convened at 8 p.m. on Wednesday, October 13, 197& in the John Wesley Powell Auditorium.

Visitors introduced included Simon VanDerHeide, Secretary General of I.U.G.G., from Haarlam, Netherlands; Andrew Eaton from Johns Hopkins University, and Alexandra Navrotsky from Arizona State University and NSF.

The following twenty new members were elected to the Society: Jan Kutina (American University), Phelps Freeborn, June Goldsmith, John Slack and Newell J. Trask (USGS), Alexandra Navrotsky (NSF), Janina R. Bloch, Jane S. Ciener, Julia A. Jackson, Cyril Leland, Sharon N. Tahirkheli, Robert J. Bouchard, M. R. Fletcher, Jan L. French, Mary Ann Przedpelski and Elizabeth Youngblood (AGI), and Roland L. Van Allen, Frank Mikan, Richard W. McDermott and Richard T. Joy (Univ. Maryland). Following the introduction of the new members it was announced that "We would appreciate having new member applications accompanied by one year's dues, in order to avoid delay in putting names on the mailing list...and we offer a special bargain in the fall, if you join now, you are paid in full through December 1977."

A proposed Bylaws amendment creating a permanent Membership Committee was presented by Elaine Wee, Chairman of the Ad Hoc Membership Committee, with discussion by Rhodehamel, P. Appleman, and Guild.

Ed Roedder pointed out that a major analytical problem involved in studying fluid inclusions is the small size of the samples. He described the application of a new laser-excited Raman spectrometer to nondestructive analysis of sulfate in individual phases in fluid inclusions in minerals, noting that the spectrum obtained is then easily matched to that of a specific mineral giving data otherwise unobtainable and without destroying the sample. The new equipment was designed by Rosaco, who received a National Bureau of Standards award for his accomplishment. Discussion by G. Helz, Peck, and Navrotsky.

Martin Prinz showed us the beauty of inclusions in diamonds, which occur in two characteristic assemblages, garnet lherzolite and eclogite. These materials, originating deep in the earth, are being studied to provide data on the upper mantle. In general, the inclusions are monomineralic within the diamond and the crystal morphology is most often octahedral, following the diamond crystal faces. The controlling mechanism for this negative crystallization within the diamond is unknown. Discussion by Warren, Roedder, Boyd, Brett, Williams, Guild, Lipin, and Zen...with cross-examination by Prinz.

Raymond Siever discussed cherts and chert stratigraphy noting that all cherts show evidence of recrystal1ization, that bedded cherts are laterally continuous in places with chert nodules in carbonate matrix, and that no clear relationship between chert nodules and specific carbonate types has been established. He concludes that the formerly accepted dichotomy between nodules and bedded cherts is not valid. He then showed a model for the progressive reordering of silica from disordered opal A to macrocrystalline chert through time from Recent to Paleozoic... leaving us with the problem of Eocene cherts. Discussion by Huebner, Roedder, Laren, Rhodehamel, and French.

The meeting adjourned at 10 p.m. - Attendence 109.

[unsigned]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

October 27, 1976

The 1014th meeting was held in the John Wesley Powell Auditorium at 8 p.m., Wednesday, October 27, l976.

The proposed amendment to the bylaws, concerning a membership committee, was read a second time.

The following new members were announced:

Roddy V. Amenta

Philip Baedecker

Andrew Eaton

Donald Golightly

Jim Hayes

Bruce Watson, Mariano Valenza (University of Palermo) and Bob Hubeck were introduced as visitors.

The nomination committee presented its report on a slate of officers for 1977:

Joe Boyd - President

J. Thomas Dutro - 1st vice president

Pete Toulmin - 2nd vice president

Bevan M. French - Treasurer

David R. Wones - Meeting Secretary

Ken Powell, Motoaka Sato, Doug Rumble – Councilors

Janet Hoffman's paper on Potash Bentonites and their applicat ion to the K/Ar radiometric dating of thrust faulting in Montana demonstrated how superposition of thrust plates could cause changes in clay minerals similar to that resulting from burial in a sedimentary basin. Comments by Joe Pirson, E-an Zen, Gene Robertson, Carter Hearn, Josh Tracey, Jack Epstein, John Hauer and Dallas Peck.

Richard S. Fiske's paper on Soufriere volcano, Guadeloupe, delved into the problems and consequences of predicting catastrophic eruptions. He covered the social dislocation from evacuations and the consequences when the dire predictions do not occur. The analysis of ejected material, ground tilt and swell subsequently were used to further determine the likelihood of an explosive type eruption. The paper generated comments from a number of persons.

Owen P. Bricker's paper on Some Aspects of the Geochemistry of Anoxic Chesapeake Bay sediments showed the significance of pore water chemistry in initiation of lithification. The present bay is 6 to 8 thousand years old with much of the recent sediment having been contributed by 100 year rainfall events such as Storm Agnes. Conditions in sediments are strongly reducing and the salinity influences the type of iron deposited in the sediments. Discussion by Joe Pirson and Motoaka Sato.

[unsigned]

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

November 17, 1976

The 1015th meeting of the Society was called to order at 8:05 p.m., in the John Wesley Powell Auditorium by President Peck who welcomed the few (there were 2-that's 2 few) paleontologists. Other guests introduced were Professor L. L. Sloss of Northwestern University and George Brimhall and Jeffrey Hedenquist of John Hopkins University.

Announcements were made by Ray Rye and Susan Tufts (announcements, like paleontologists and visitors from Hopkins came in pairs). Minutes of the 1014th meeting were read and approved. The following new members were announced: Alan D. Hecht, Louis DeGoes, Lindsay McClelland, John A. Kelleher, Richard C. Michael, and Barbara J. Bremsteller. The Amendment to the By-Laws instituting a Membership Chairman was read, moved, seconded, its non-voting participation at Council emphasized and it was passed by voice vote of the members present. Jack Hathaway presented an informal communication on results of the Atlantic Margin Coring Program and showed slides of the Good Ship Glomar Conception and its motley crew.

The first talk, by Bruce Velde of the University of Paris discussed "Clay mineral facies in the early stages of metamorphism" showing that the mixed layered expanding clay minerals do not exist at the higher temperatures (up to 400°C) . The clay mineral facies were used to determine a previously unsuspected hiatus between Cretaceous and Eocene in Northern Algiers. Questions by Toulmin, Patterson, G. Helz.

Richard Young, NASA, presented the history and spacecraft design of the Viking mission to Mars, he showed slides of incredible clarity-one early morning shot even included a wispy blue cloud over a red channeled plateau. We still don't know whether life exists - the surface chemistry is so exotic. Major findings include: no earthquakes or organic matter, ancient fluvial activity, polar cap of water ice, 4-7% of surface is magnetic. Questions by: M. French, G. Erickson, Chayes, Towe, Peck and Kohout.

Pete Toulmin (and co-authors) reported "Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Mars from the Viking results". An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer measured remarkably uniform elemental compositions from the two widely separated landers. Silicate material rather than oxide, is the major one; any coating of iron oxide is less than one-fourth micron thick and trace element abundance is low relative to terrestrial abundance suggesting an undifferentiated source. Questions by: Velde, B. French, and Towe.

President Peck announced the Annual Meeting on December 8th and adjourned this meeting at 10:20 p.m. Attendance was good! - about 158, 22 of whom were from the University of Maryland. Income from refreshment:

Respectfully submitted,

Penelope M. Hanshaw

Council Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

December 8, 1976

1016th Meeting 1976

Dallas Peck delivered his presidential address at this, the 1016th meeting of the Society. The meeting was convened at 8 PM by First Vice-president Francis R. Boyd, Mr. Peck's address on the granites of Yosemite was a real field trip to That spot. The guide through the use of excellent slides showed us around the Sierra Nevadas bringing out the relation of two granitic phases and metamorphism in the area.

Visitors included Rusha Ingarat, Thailand Geological Survey, introduced by Ray Douglas; Toru Tuohashi, Tokyo, introduced by Doug Carter; and Sudip Bose, Geological Survey of India.

8 new members were welcomed to the Society.

The meeting was adjourned at 9 PM and was followed by the Annual Meeting.

Attendance: 150.

[signed William E. Davies, Meeting Secretary]

[Minutes of Annual Meeting 84 lost]