GSW: 1979 MEETING MINUTES

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
January 10, 1979

At 8:07 p.m.  the 1044th meeting of the Society was called to order by Vice-President Bill Prinz.

Visitors present included Robert Reeder, Mark Schultz, Karen Ward, Des Alexander, and Betty Skipp.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and an opportunity provided for corrections thereto.  At this time a remarkable debate developed over the identity of a Mr.  Brophy.  The minutes listed his name as "Dan"; this appellation was corrected to "Don" by Doug Rankin, who has been trying to give us the correct Appalachians for years.  Rankin’s correction was disputed by Whitmore and others who seemed to settle on "Jerry" as the preferred first name for Mr.  Brophy.  Brophy has not been available to tell us his real name.

Prinz introduced the first speaker of the evening, Bill Oliver of the USGS.  Oliver talked about the work of the Devonian stratigraphy sub-commission.  Definitions of stages, series and boundaries will be based primarily on usability, but national pride and historical priority also have to be considered.  Which is to say that the Russians want one usage and the rest of the world another.  Questions by Kinney, Osborne, Zen, Hatch, Robertson, Rankin, Lipin and Betty Skipp.

Mary Jo Baedecker was the speaker for a talk co-authored with Bill Back on hydrogeochemical processes at a Delaware landfill.  Ms.  Baedecker began her remarks with a revealing illustrated treatise on differential selection of field areas based on hierarchical position of the selecting individual.  She went on to discuss the patterns of generation and migration for the various chemical components of the water beneath the landfill.  Questions by Bradley, Myer, Mrs.  French, and Roedder.

The subject of the third paper of the evening was the application of fluid inclusion research in the Permian Salado salt of New Mexico to the siting of a nuclear waste repository.  The paper was given by Ed Roedder and the co-author was Harvey Belkin.  Ed demonstrated the usefulness of fluid inclusions in explaining the geologic history of the salt beds, and concluded that the high Ca-Mg brines in the inclusions are deleterious to the potential storage of high-level nuclear wastes.  Questions by Warner, Milton, Douglas, Lipin, Robertson, B.  French, and Bodine.

Ninety-one (91) members and guests attended the meeting which adjourned at 9:50 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R. Keith Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

January 24, 1979

At 8:05 p.m. the 1045th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman.  Visitors present included Nick Hamnesevich, Richard Lambert, Alta Walker, and Shirley Rossen.

Bruce Lipin announced that Beth Steel Plant at Sparrows Point will be the site of the annual field trip.  The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved, and a moment of silence observed for a deceased member, Robert H.  Rose.  The Secretary announced the names of new members.

Appleman introduced the first speaker, Fred Adinolfi, who co-authored a talk with Michael Smith on exploratory drilling in Baltimore Canyon.  The B-2 COST well penetrated 16,000' of Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata and oil companies have paid 1.13 billion dollars for lease tracts in the Baltimore Canyon area.  Questions were posed by an anonymous tweedy person who resembled F.  Dutro, by Warner, Peggy Appleman, Brophy, Chayes, Wynn, Lipin, McKelvey, Rodehammel, Brady, and the man from Washington Gas.

Following the presentation, Charles Wood discussed the structure and land forms by the African Rift Valley.  The conclusion of this well-illustrated talk was that variation in volcano spacing in this area is correlated with variability in thickness of the lithosphere.  Questions were asked by Boyd, Tilling, Lipin and Rodehammel.

Blair Jones then presented his talk, co-authored with Alan Weir, on clay mineral alteration in a modern oil shale lake.  Clays in Lake Abert, Ore., originate in weathered volcanic materials.  Interaction of clays with alkaline ground and lake waters involve complex transforms of the clay minerals from the transported pyroclastic materials.  Questions were asked by George Helz, McKelvey, Roedder, Zen.

116 members and guests attended and the meeting was adjourned at 9:59 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R. Keith Secretarv

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

February 14, 1979

The 1046th meeting of the Society was called to order at 8:05 p.m. by President Appleman.

Visitors included Isao Takashima, Geological Survey of Japan; Shed Sharma, and A.  R.  Bobyarchick, USGS.

Announcements were made about the USGS Centennial open house and the Society field trip to the Sparrows Point steel plant.  The Secretary read the minutes of the previous meeting; these were approved and the Secretary then read the list of new members: Alexander Malahoff, William Sliter, Nicholas Hamisevicz, Gerald Brophy, Joanne Brophy, Robert King, Shirley Rossen, Robert Decker, John Maberry, Farouk El-Baz, and Fern Klepper.

The President then introduced the first speaker, Bruce Hanshaw, an itinerant hydrogeochemist, who told us about geochemical evolution of waters in the Yucatan area of Mexico.  Mixtures of ground and oceanic waters are unsaturated and active in dissolving limestone.  Rate of dissolution may be as high as 1000 kilograms of calcite per km of coastline per year.  Questions by Appleman, Tracey, McKelvey, Zen, Towle, Boyd.

The second speaker was Alvin Van Valkenburg, Geophysical Laboratory, who spoke on reactions at superpressures.  The latest version of the diamond cell device is capable of producing 1.7 megabars pres.  and temperatures of 3000°C for studying the physical and chemical character of materials under extreme conditions.  A convoluted discussion followed this talk with questions by George Helz, Towe, Zen, Guild, and Dan Milton.

Gordon Eaton from the USGS presented a paper on plate tectonics and crustal rifting in the western U.S.  He concluded that rifting began at the time of rise-trench collision, but successive episodes occurred in intra-arc, back-arc, and back-transform settings with systematic change in the direction of spreading.  Questions by Tilling, Zen, Robertson, Bell, Guild, and Russell.

Although there appeared to be a mood of love and affection prevailing at the Valentine's Day meeting, the paleontologists smugly arranged to get the geochemists arguing among themselves - once again! 79 members and guests attended and the meeting was adjourned at 10:05 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

February 28, 1979

The 1047th meeting of the Society was called to order at 8:10 p.m.  by Vice-President Prinz.  Prinz asked for introductions of visitors but none were announced.  The minutes were read and approved after circuitous comments by Robin Brett.  Bruce Lipin then made an announcement concerning a field trip to the Sparrows Point Steel Plant.

The Vice-President introduced the first speaker, Jeff Warner, of NASA, whose topic was the lithosphere of Venus.  There ensued a debate between Warner and the audience over who would actually give the talk, Jeff or a volunteer from the floor.  However, Jeff won this argument and went on to discuss the chemistry and topography of the Venusian crust.  He concluded that the lithosphere is about 40% thicker than that of the Earth.  Questions were asked by Stewart, Toulmin, Roedder, Sato, Brett, Van Maness, and Lipin.

The second speaker, David Sheridan, a consulting geologist, described the destruction of public lands by off-road vehicles.  In heavy use areas 95% of the animal life is destroyed and 98% of the vegetation.  Such vehicles are a major source of desertification.  Questions by Hewitt, Zen, Mrs.  Dorr, Schlindler, Outerbridge, Brett, Kinney, Simkin, Sato, J.  Dorr, Christian, Maness, and anonymous.

The last talk was presented by William Melson of the Smithsonian, who described the eruptive cycles of Arenal volcano, Costa Rica.  The cycles have been traced back 2200 years, and artifacts from ash deposits represent types of cultures which are otherwise unknown in Costa Rica.  Recent eruptions have produced flows moving as rapidly as 10 km per hour.  Questions by Toulmin, Stewart, Sato, Hearn, Chayes, Brett, and Roedder.

71 members and guests attended the meeting and adjournment was called at 10:00 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP WASHINGTON

March 14, 1979

The 1048th meeting of the Society was called to order at 8:10 p.m.  by President Appleman.  Guests included Gabriel Dengo and Vladimir Majer, introduced by Linn Hoover; Michele Zarubica, introduced by Dave Stewart and George Dix introduced by Joe Boyd.

The Secretary then read the minutes and the list of new members.  The minutes were approved with minor comments by Robin Brett.  Gloria Scarnavack, Andy Bobyarchick, Beatrice Giorlando, Sharon Riley, Mary Jane Booker, and Deborah Burnette.

Avery Drake appeared as a man whose announcement had come, but whose time had not! Ann Dorr then made a request for people to work with high school geology curricula.  The program for the evening was a special forum on the subject of radioactive wastes.  Fred Donath, of the University of Illinois, was the first speaker, and he emphasized the danger of focusing on single factors in site selection as well as the pitfalls of the multiple barrier concept.  Questions were asked by McQueen, Morgan, Lipin, Wright, Meyer, Sanford, Robertson, Cohen and Zen.

Bernard Cohen, University of Pittsburg, then spoke on the comparative merits of different media, including salt, for waste containment.  He expressed the feeling that the dangers of radioactive waste are greatly overexaggerated and suggested that waste will not add significantly to natural radiation levels of the U.S.  A vigorous discussion followed with questions by Brett, Russell, Roedder, Stewart, Repetski, Roseboom, Robertson and Zen.

The final speaker, Senator Jack Schmitt of New Mexico, reviewed our dismal national energy situation and pointed out that the enormous need to reduce our dependency on foreign oil.  He concluded that rad wastes may be a resource in disguise and that we should store wastes above ground until a sound long term solution can be found.  Another lengthy discussion followed with Sato, Ross, Barton, Brophy, Hewitt, Tanner, Hollicheck, and Turner asking questions.  223 members and guests attended this unusually animated meeting, and the group adjourned at 10:30 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

March 28, 1979

The 1049th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:10 p.m.  The President asked for introduction of guests, but none were announced.  The minutes of the previous meeting were read by the secretary and received speedy approval, due to the absence of Robin Brett.

Doug Kinney made a comment about the meeting of the Antarctic Society on April 19.  President Appleman then introduced Dorothy Hall, of NASA, who presented an informal communication on the subject of aufeis and carbonate formation in the Arctic.  She concluded that there may be substantial chemical weathering, even in the Arctic.  Questions were asked by Hatch, Toulmin, Reed and Stewart.

The first scheduled speaker of the evening, James Papike, was unable to attend because of unexpected illness.  This turn of events left C. Wayne Burnham of the Pennsylvania State University as the principal, and indeed, only speaker of the evening.  Dr.  Burnham rose to the occasion with a one hour address on magmatic and hydrothermal processes in ore formation.  He described in detail the relations of water in magma to pressure and depth and discussed at length the process by which amphibolite undergoes partial melting.  He concluded his talk with comments on the favorable nature of submarine environments as places for ore formation.  Questions were asked by Barton, Boyd, Robertson, Stewart, Gottfried and Toulmin with a phantom comment from Bob Smith.

105 members and guests attended, and the meeting adjourned at 9:42 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

April 11, 1979

The 1050th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:08 p.m.  There were four guests presented.  The minutes of the 1049th meeting were read, corrected, and approved.  Names of three new members were announced.  A precise announcement was made by Doug Kinney of a meeting of the Antarctic Society to be held sometime, later in April.

A too short, short informal communication was given by Jeff Warner of NASA on the Jupiter fly-by results.  He showed slides of the volcanic eruptions on Io, and the possible subsidence features on Ganymede, both Moons of Jupiter.  In addition, he made available sets of beautiful prints for the members of the audience.

Barry Voight of Pennsylvania State University talked about the 2 million cubic meter landslide at the Vaiont Dam in Northern Italy in 1963.  This slide filled the reservoir and resulted in sluicing away a village of 200 souls.  A theoretical model for the disastrous event was developed by Voight and his student, Charles Faust, a person of distinguished local lineage.  The principal feature of this model involves heating, possibly to steam, of pore water by slide friction.  Discussion ensued with Voight and Faust answering M. and D. Appleman, Mayer, Kingston, Rankin, and Pointer.  B. Voight: 1 percent of all dams fail.

Fractionation of deuterium and hydrogen in the growth of plants was described by Marilyn Estep, of the Geophysical Lab.  Experiments on dogwood, moss, mice, shrimp, and especially on algae led her to conclude that photosynthesis is the key condition for fractionation to occur.  Questions came from Paidokovich, Sellers, Towe, Kingston, Hanshaw, and Jones.

The final talk was on the subject of the Viking expedition to Mars.  The Viking Lander carried no instruments to identify minerals directly, but Priestly Toulmin, an intrepid mineralogist, decided that iron-bearing clay minerals occur on the surface of Mars based on data from color imagery, magnetic properties, and x-ray fluorescence.  Spectra of heated samples revealed that loss of water occurs above 500°C, a breakdown not attributable to goethite or lepidocrocite but more likely to nontronite.  Discussion was by Helz, Jones, Weidman, Boyd, Warner, and Towe.

Attendance was 84, and adjournment came at 10:15 p.m.

Epicurean note: Cheese and crackers were served with the beer by the Cosmos Club.

Respectfully submitted,

Eugene C.  Robertson Acting Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

April 25, 1979

The 1051st meeting of the society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:15 p.m.  Two guests were presented after which the minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.  Peter Stifel made an announcement concerning the vacancy for Department Chairman at the University of Maryland and Tom Dutro (once again) announced the International Carboniferous Congress.

Dick Fiske then made an informal slide communication on Soufriere volcano, the most exciting part of which was the moment at which the lizard ran across the seismogram.

The first scheduled speaker of the evening, John Imbrie, Brown University, had the audience hanging on the edge of their seats with suspense-filled tales of the arrival of the next continental ice cap.  He supported the Melankovich theory, but felt that CO2 from fossil fuel use will strongly affect the climate of the next 100 years, possibly causing a "super-interglacial." Questions were asked by Fiske, Warner, Menard, Boyd, Zen, Wood, and Suess.

Leon Knopoff, UCLA, then spoke on the opacity of the evidence for mantle-wide convection in the Earth.  He included reviews of the models in the literature, a discussion of global averaging for wave propagation and possible scales for convective processes.  Questions came from Menard, White, Boyd, Brady, Warner and Robertson.  The audience is still waiting for the answer to Mr. Knopoff's original question.

104 members and guests attended and the President called adjournment at 10:21 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith, Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

May 9, 1979

The 1052nd meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:10 p.m.  Six guests were presented, and the minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.  Two new members were announced and the deaths of W. H. Bradley and David Larrabee were recognized by a moment of silence.  Vince McKelvey announced the plan for the Society to establish a W. H. Bradley memorial fund which will be used for prizes for high quality papers given at Society meetings.

The first paper of the evening was presented by John C. Reed, Jr. on the subject of the recent ups and downs along the Fall Line in the Potomac Area. Jack suggested that the gorge of the Potomac has formed in the last 200 K years and that the rate of the movement along faults in the central coastal plain has been about 0.05 mm/yr.  Questions came from Segovia, Rhinehart,
Newman, McKelvey, Peggy Appleman and Hack.

Ray McDonald then described the tectonic and stratigraphic history of calderas in central Kenya.  He has discovered that the chemical stratification of these calderas is similar to that of the Valles Caldera in the U.S.  Questions by Wood (twice), G. Helz, Hearn, Hickey, Zen, and Warner.

In the final talk of the evening Erie Kauffman presented an outstanding discussion of the dynamics of anaerobic basins.  He pointed out that the traditional idea of black shales forming in highly anaerobic conditions is no longer valid and that several lines of evidence support a much more oxygenated origin of these rocks.  Questions by Whitmore, Brett, Milton, Henbest, and Robertson.  This highly successful evening was characterized by an unusual degree of joie de vivre which dangerously bordered on frivolity at times.  Spring fever and copious drafts of beer combined to greatly enhance the spirits of the 159 members and guests, so much so that many lingered on for camaraderie long after the official "scientific" adjournment at 10:15 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith, Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

May 23, 1979

The 1053rd meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:10 p.m.  Two guests were presented, and the minutes of the previous meeting read and approved.

The first speaker of the evening was T. Neil Irvine of the Geophysical Laboratory who spoke on magmatic density currents.  He described experiments which have resulted in more accurate information on flow patterns of mineral particles in laboratory media.  Questions were posed by Rankin, Roedder, Guild, Fiske, McQueen, and Leo.

The second scheduled speaker, John Winchester of Florida State University, was unable to attend, so Bill Melson from the Smithsonian came to our rescue by giving a talk on the fatal volcanic eruption of KarKar volcano, New Guinea.  The volcano erupted on March 8, 1979 after a five month increase of seismic activity.  Bill pointed out that ground water interaction was a very important part of this explosive eruption.  Questions came from Toulmin, Tilling, Wood, and Brett.

John Boyce, USGS, Flagstaff, followed this presentation with a highly interesting talk on the geology of the Galilean satellites.  Io is the only satellite without water vapor and is also the most volcanically active.  Boyce suggested that erosion on the satellites may be caused by charged particles from the magnetosphere of Jupiter.  Questions were asked by Repetski, Toulmin, French, Christian, Roedder, Melson, Wood, Brett, Rankin, Sato and Anonymous.

The 86 members and guests adjourned at 9:55 p.m. to digest the scientific fruits of the evening and to calm their frayed nerves with a well known muscle relaxant.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

September 26, 1979

The 1054th meeting of the GSW was called to order by President Appleman at 8:15 p.m.  The minutes were read and approved and the Secretary read the names of new members elected to the Society.  Six announcements were made including comments on the success of the Bradley Fund and associated prizes.  A minute of silence was observed in honor of Marjorie Arnold, who died during this summer.

The members were then treated to an informal communication by Ellis Yokel from the U.S.  Coast and Geodetic Survey.  While the subject of his presentation was unclear, at the slides were symmetrical.

The first scientific speaker of the evening was John Dickey from NSF who talked on magma tracks in the Ronda peridotite of Spain.  Dickey's talk was pleasantly illustrated with maps labelled in Russian, leaving the audience wondering whether the Ronda is in Spain or Cuba.  The audience was also curious as to whether Dickey or his students were running the project.  Questions were asked by Hoffman and Brett.

The next speaker was Cyril Ponamperuma from the University of Maryland who discussed the origin of organic matter from 3.8 billion year old rocks in Greenland.  He concluded that the time for the development of life may be a great deal shorter than it was formerly thought to be.  Questions by Towe, Milton and Boyd.  After this talk President Appleman asked for introduction of guests and six were presented by members.

The final speaker of the evening was Bruce Marsh from Johns Hopkins University.  Bruce presented an intriguing mix of the history of geologic thinking on diapirs and modern experimental results which bear on this subject.  He showed experimental evidence which supports the intuitive ideas of Daly's and Grout's theories on diapirs.  Robertson, Fiske, Zen, Boyd and Lipin asked questions.

152 members and guests were present and oral adjournment was called at 9:45 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

October 10, 1979

The 1055th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:15 p.m.  The minutes were read by the Secretary and approved after minor grumbling from the audience.  Three people made announcements, and two guests were introduced.

The first speaker of the evening was Robert Weems, of the USGS who told us about possible flocking behavior in Late Triassic bipedal reptiles.  Weems demonstrated his great affection for the quasi-mythical beasts in his study by giving them each a charming name.  He suggested that one of these reptiles, known fondly as "Speedy," may have had rudimentary wings.  Weems indicated that Culpepper, VA, might have been a very exciting place, at least in the Triassic.  The paleontologists were left so breathless by this treatise that they were unable to ask any questions, leaving the field mostly to the geochemists: Hudson, Stewart, Toulmin, Zen, Douglas, Stifel, Hewitt, and Collins asked questions.

The second speaker was Grace Brush of Johns Hopkins University, who talked on biostratigraphy of tributaries of Chesapeake Bay.  She described an intricate sedimentation history based on pollen studies, and noted the contributions made to increased sediment yields by urbanization.  Questions were asked by Toulmin, Simon, G. Helz, Kaufman, Lipin, Robertson, Boyd, Zen, and Anonymous.

Dick Fiske, of the Smithsonian co-authored the final paper of the evening with O. T. Tobisch and D. L. Peck.  Dick discussed the eruption of granitic magmas of the Sierra Nevada batholith to the surface.  He described the theory of multiple calderas in the southern Sierra and showed how these calderas are identified by collapse breccias and pendants.  Questions came from Leo, Boyd, Toulmin, Kaufman, Bailey and D. Appleman.

102 members and guests were present and adjournment was called at 9:55 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
October 24, 1979

After a losing bout with the microphone on the podium, President Appleman called to order the 1056th meeting of the Society at 8:15 p.m.  He then announced the impending Pick and Hammer show.  Following this announcement he called for a minute of silence in memory of Tom McGetchen.

Informal communications were called for, and Dick Fiske of the Smithsonian Institution shared some new geological and literary evidence which suggests that the Vesuvius eruption in 79 A.D. was pyroclastic.

The next informal communication was delivered by Robin Brett who read a letter written in 1947 by Norman L. Bowen to James Gilully.  In that letter, Bowen pointed out that the terms equilibrium and horseshit are not synonymous.  While it took Brett only about 30 seconds to read this witty and intelligent letter, his introductory remarks lasted almost 3-1/2 minutes.  The difference in the length-to-wit ratio of the letter and the introductory remarks were staggering.

The first formal communication of the evening was given by Robert M. Hamilton of the USGS entitled, Faults and igneous intrusions in the New Madrid seismic zone of the northern Mississippi embayment shown by seismic reflection profiles.  There are 20 words in this title.  Because no obvious structure that would cause magnitude 7 to 7.5 earthquakes was known in this area, a huge amount of money was spent to bounce trucks in Missouri.  The seismic studies revealed evidence for tertiary intrusives along a north-south trending zone which might be the beginning of a rift.  Questions by Rankin (2), Brett, a comment by someone wearing a tie, G. Helz, Doan (3), Zen, Boyd, and someone not wearing a tie.

Next was George D. Stanley of the Smithsonian Institution speaking on, Earliest history of Mesozoic reef building: evidence from North America and Europe.  Stanley pointed out that some of the classic early Mesozoic reefs in alpine regions aren’t true reefs, but are lenticular biostromes.  The latest Triassic was the first true reef-building time.  Questions by D. Appleman, one of the guests, and Lipin.

The last presentation of the evening was authored by T. L. Wright, H.  R.  Shaw, R. I. Tilling, and R. S. Fiske, The origin of Hawaiian tholeiitic basalt: a quantitative model.  The authors mapped out the life of a Hawaiian volcano from the generation of basalt by shear melting (which according to their description is the first perpetual motion machine) to storage of the magma in a complex chamber 2 to 5 km below the summit.  The authors estimate that the time from melting to the chamber formation could be as short as 10 years.  Questions by Boyd (2), Arth, Zen, G. Helz (2), Stewart (2), Fiske, Lipin, and Osborne. 

Attendance was 118, and the meeting was adjourned at 10:15.

Respectfully submitted,

Bruce Lipin, Acting Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

November 14, 1979

The 1057th meeting of the Society was called to order by President Appleman at 8:10 p.m.  The Secretary read the minutes of the 1056th meeting and these were approved, after which he read the names of new members.  President Appleman called for a moment of silence in memory of Margaret Griffin and Matthew Norton.  The guests were introduced and four announcements were made, including the slate of Officers for election at the annual meeting.

The first speaker of the evening was Larry Rowan of the USGS who described recent advancements in the use of remote sensing techniques for mineral exploration.  These techniques have been used with great success to identify altered rock zones with mineral potential and have proved particularly valuable for uranium exploration in the Powder River Basin.  Questions were asked by Toulmin, McKelvey, Robertson and anonymous.

The second speaker, David James, of the Carnegie Institute, delved into the intricacies of the origin of andesitic magmas, giving evidence for the inclusion of sialic materials.  He emphasized the fact that trace element abundances depend on phase proportions and melting relations in the mantle.  David carefully demonstrated the highly complex nature of this topic.  Questions by G. Helz, Bevan French and Bevan's guest.

Ken Towe was the final speaker of the evening, and he presented a fascinating review of the theories for the origin of life.  Carbonaceous chondrites may have provided sites for formation of organic polymers, and alternating wet and dry conditions favored these chemical reactions.  The evidence for life developing in a reducing environment is no longer very valid.  Questions came from Hewitt, Helz, Clark, French, Appleman (as differentiated from Applewoman), and Toulmin.

114 members and guests attended, and the President called for adjournment at 10:10 p.m

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith
Secretary

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

November 28, 1979

President Appleman called the 1058th meeting of the Society to order at the John Wesley Powell Auditorium at 8:05 p.m.  The President announced that the management of the Cosmos Club has requested that we do not leave our beer mugs under the seats.

The minutes were read and, in the absence of Robin Brett, approved.  The

death of Henry Aldrich was announced, and 10 guests were introduced to the

Society by Tilling (4), L.Clarke (2), Chayes (1), Hazen (2), and Lyttle (1).

The first informal communication of the evening was from Bob Decker of HVO who described the recent eruption of the east rift zone of Kilauea.  Bob demonstrated a most unusual visual aids technique: he showed all the slides forward, then backwards about 3 times each before he began the talk.

The next informal communication was by Chuck Wood of the Smithsonian (?) who advertised his new Volcano Newsletter.  Wood stated that there is no science in the newsletter and the editor's don't want any.  This fast, non-scientific newsletter will be published 6 times per year.

Before beginning the formal presentation, President Appleman announced that the AAPG members in the Society had to choose a delegate after our regular meeting.

The first scheduled talk was given by Bob Hazen of the Geophysical Laboratory on bibliometrics in scientific research.  Hazen compiled over 14,000 references in geology before 1851 and showed that between 1780 and 1850 the number of geological publications doubled every 10 years while the number of authors doubled every 15 years.  This growth is typical of western science in general, and it is currently leveling off.  Questions by Wood, Zen, D. Milton, Stewart, Whitmore, Sato and D. Appleman.

[minutes end here]

Respectfully submitted,

John R.  Keith

 

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

December 12, 1979

The 1059th meeting of the Society was called to order at 8:10 p.m. Vice-President Prinz presiding.  Some difficulty was encountered in establishing order because of the special stimulus which had been applied to the members during the pre-meeting social hour.  The explosively abrupt degassing of a keg of draft beer left the audience shaken and desperately thirsty.  George Sellers seemed to be the principal casualty, as he was assaulted by pieces of airborne keg.  Eventually, however, frayed nerve endings were soothed by a new supply of liquid sedative and the evening proceeded more or less as planned.  The minutes of the previous meeting were read, corrected and approved, and the Secretary read a list of 16 new members approved by the Society.

The Vice-President then launched into his salubrious introduction of President Appleman who was to give his Presidential addresses.  During this introduction there was minor debate from the floor over the question of Appleman's time of residence in Washington; the conclusion seemed to be about 25 years, plus or minus 10!  Having endured this ordeal, President Appleman was finally allowed to make his presentation, entitled, "Hunting the Simple Silicate."

He pointed out that mineralogists were able to innocently study simple silicates for many years until they ran afoul of Roseboom's Law, that is, they did one experiment too many and discovered the confusing complexity of silicates.  Appleman then went on to elucidate these complexities of silicate structure with comparisons of terrestrial and extraterrestrial tridymite, with a discussion of opals, and with descriptions of low temperature silica polymorphs.  All of this deftly presented text was illustrated with a dazzling slideshow.  He concluded that mineralogists must continue to study the widest possible variations in nature in order to obtain a accurate picture of real silicate structure.

154 members and guests attended and the meeting was adjourned at 9:05 p.m. so that the attendees could appropriately fortify themselves for the annual business meeting to follow.

Respectfully submitted,

John R. Keith

 

Annual Meeting no. 87

[minutes lost]